15 Small Brown Birds with Long Beaks: Identification Guide

Ever spotted a tiny streak of brown darting through your yard and wondered what it was? Identifying little brown birds is notoriously tough, but when they sport a distinctively elongated bill, it narrows down the field significantly.

Finding small brown birds with long beaks is like solving a mini nature mystery, as these unique features usually point to specialized feeding habits and fascinating survival skills.

Whether you are trying to identify a backyard visitor or a rare marshland wader, this guide breaks down the most common species you are likely to encounter.

Get ready to master your bird ID skills and discover the incredible engineering behind nature’s most specialized avians.

Top 15 Small Brown Birds with Long Beaks

Bewick’s Wren

The Bewick’s Wren is a compact, energetic songbird measuring roughly 5.1 to 5.5 inches in length. It is easily recognized by its long, slender, slightly downcurved beak, plain brown upperparts, grayish-white underparts, and a striking, bold white stripe right over its eyes that looks like a pale eyebrow.

Unlike many other songbirds, Bewick’s Wrens are primarily year-round residents and choose not to migrate south for the winter. They are highly adaptable cavity nesters that build cup-shaped nests using grasses, leaves, and twigs inside natural tree hollows, rock crevices, or even tucked-away backyard spots like hanging planters and patio furniture.

• The Beak Function: Their slender, pointed, slightly curved bill acts like a pair of precision tweezers. Rather than digging deep into the ground, they use this specialized beak to probe into bark crevices, flip over leaf litter, and pick bugs out of dense shrubs.
• Habitat: These birds thrive best in dry, open woodlands, brush-filled thickets, chaparral, and suburban gardens. While they can occasionally be found near streamside vegetation, they prefer scrubby, arid environments over heavy wetlands.
• Diet: Their diet consists almost entirely of insects, spiders, larvae, and small bugs gleaned from branches and the ground. During the winter months when live prey is scarce, they will expand their diet to include seeds and berries, and they are frequent visitors to backyard suet feeders.

(Note: While the Bewick’s Wren was historically loved as a common backyard bird in the Appalachian region and the Midwest, its population has severely declined over the past several decades. Today, it has virtually disappeared east of the Mississippi River and is now predominantly found throughout western North America and Mexico.)

Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus)

The Carolina Wren is a small, chunky bird measuring roughly 4.7 to 5.5 inches in length. It is instantly recognizable by its rich, reddish-brown upperparts, warm buff-yellow belly, and a stark white stripe over its eye. Like its cousins, it sports a distinctly long, slender beak that curves downward, making it a standout entry among small brown birds with long beaks.

These birds are year-round residents throughout the eastern United States, stretching from the Gulf Coast up into southern Ontario. They do not migrate for the winter, making them a cheerful, permanent fixture at backyard feeders. They are enthusiastic cavity nesters, often building their bulky, dome-shaped nests in tree hollows, hanging flower pots, or even inside open garages and porches.

• The Beak Function: Their long, downward-curved beak is a powerful, specialized tool used like a pair of forceps. They use it to flip over heavy leaf litter, probe deep into tree bark crevices, and smash large insects against branches to break them apart before eating.
• Habitat: These wrens love dense vegetation. They thrive in moist woodlands, swamps, forest edges, brushy fields, and suburban backyards that offer plenty of tangled shrubbery and thick undergrowth.
• Diet: Carolina Wrens are primarily insectivores. Their long beaks help them hunt down beetles, caterpillars, spiders, grasshoppers, and ants. During the winter, they readily supplement their diet with seeds, berries, and high-energy backyard suet.

(Note: Carolina Wrens are famous for being incredibly loud for their size. A single breeding pair will sing echoing, musical “teakettle-teakettle-teakettle” duets all year round to aggressively defend their backyard territory.)

Related Article: How to Attract Wrens to your Backyard?

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)

The House Wren is a tiny, highly energetic songbird measuring just 4.3 to 5.1 inches in length. Unlike its bolder-looking cousins, it has a more subdued appearance, featuring a plain, dull brown body with dark, intricate bars on its wings and tail. It has a faint, indistinct line over its eye and sports a long, needle-like beak that is slightly curved, which it frequently cocks upwards along with its short tail.

Unlike the Bewick’s and Carolina Wrens, the House Wren is a migratory species. They breed across the United States and southern Canada during the spring and summer before flying south to the southern U.S. and Mexico for the winter. True to their name, they are fierce cavity defenders and will happily nest in backyard birdhouses, old woodpecker holes, or almost any small cranny they can find.

• The Beak Function: Their long, slender, pointed beak acts as an incredibly precise set of tweezers. They use it to pluck tiny insects out of tight spaces, glean bugs from the undersides of leaves, and carry surprisingly large, stiff twigs to fill up potential nesting cavities.
• Habitat: These adaptable birds love open, brushy environments. You will commonly find them in open woodlands, forest edges, swamps, farm fields, and suburban backyards with plenty of tangled shrubs and brush piles.
• Diet: House Wrens eat insects almost exclusively. They consume massive amounts of beetles, caterpillars, spiders, grasshoppers, earwigs, and ants. Because they migrate south before the cold weather hits, they rarely rely on seeds or berries.

(Note: Don’t let their small size fool you—male House Wrens are notoriously feisty. To win over a mate, a single male will claim multiple nesting cavities in an area and fill every single one of them with “dummy sticks” to prevent any other bird species from moving into the neighborhood.)

Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)

The Winter Wren is one of the smallest and most compact birds on this list, measuring a tiny 3.1 to 4.3 inches in length. It has a plump, nearly round body covered in dark, rich brown plumage with heavy, intricate dark bars across its belly, wings, and tail. Its tail is notably short and almost always held straight up in the air. Matching its diminutive size is a very fine, long, needle-like beak that is sharp and slightly downcurved.

While many populations in Canada and the northern U.S. migrate to the southern and eastern United States for the winter, some populations along the Pacific coast and parts of the east remain year-round residents. They are incredibly secretive birds that prefer to stay hidden, nesting in the cavities of rotting logs, under upturned tree roots, or tucked inside thick banks of moss near rushing water.

• The Beak Function: Their exceptionally fine, sharp beak is engineered for precision probing. They use it like delicate surgical tweezers to poke into the deepest, narrowest crevices of damp wood, decaying bark, and thick carpets of forest moss to extract hidden prey that larger birds cannot reach.
• Habitat: This wren is a true forest dweller. It thrives in dense, old-growth coniferous forests, deep shady ravines, and moist, mossy woodlands, almost always near streams or damp forest floors.
• Diet: Winter Wrens are strictly insectivorous. They hunt continuously along the forest floor for spiders, beetles, ants, caterpillars, bark beetles, and small flies. They rely almost entirely on these insects and rarely, if ever, visit backyard seed feeders.

(Note: Despite being smaller than a human fist, the Winter Wren possesses an incredibly powerful voice. Per unit of body weight, it sings with ten times the sound power of a crow, delivering a breathtakingly long, complex song full of rapid trills and warbles that can echo across an entire forest.)

Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)

The Marsh Wren is a small, stocky, and highly energetic songbird measuring 4.3 to 5.5 inches in length. It is easily distinguished from other wrens by its striking plumage, featuring a rich, warm brown body, a stark white stripe over each eye, and a distinct black-and-white triangular patch across its upper back. It sports a notably long, slender, downcurved beak and a short tail that it almost always holds cocked sharply forward over its back.

Marsh Wrens are migratory birds, breeding heavily across the northern United States and southern Canada before traveling to the southern U.S. and Mexico for the winter. True to their name, they are incredibly territorial and build football-shaped, woven dome nests out of cattails and reeds, suspended directly over standing water.

• The Beak Function: Their long, needle-like bill is adapted for marshland foraging. It functions like precision forceps, allowing them to probe deep into the narrow crevices of cattail stalks, pick aquatic insects off the surface of the water, and expertly weave wet vegetation into their complex nests.
• Habitat: These birds are strict habitat specialists. You will almost never find them in a typical backyard; instead, they live exclusively in extensive freshwater and saltwater marshes, wetlands, and dense cattail sloughs with tall, thick emergent vegetation.
• Diet: Marsh Wrens are opportunistic insectivores. They feed on a vast array of marsh-dwelling invertebrates, including spiders, beetles, ants, caterpillars, flies, and aquatic insect larvae, which they glean directly from stalks or vegetation floating on the water’s surface.

(Note: Male Marsh Wrens are notoriously aggressive neighbors. To secure their marsh territory, a single male will build up to twenty “dummy nests” a season to confuse predators and rivals, and they will actively sneak into the nests of nearby birds—including other Marsh Wrens and Red-winged Blackbirds—to poke holes in their eggs.)

Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)

The Sedge Wren is a secretive, exceptionally tiny songbird measuring just 3.9 to 4.7 inches in length. Often confused with its close relative, the Marsh Wren, it can be identified by its shorter, less curved beak, a much fainter eyebrow line, and its beautiful, finely streaked appearance. Its back and crown are covered in delicate black and white vertical stripes, and it almost always keeps its tiny tail pointed straight up in the air.

These birds are highly migratory, breeding in the north-central United States and south-central Canada before traveling to the southeastern U.S. coast for the winter. Sedge Wrens are nomadic by nature; if their breeding grounds dry up mid-summer, entire populations will packing up and move to find wetter conditions, often raising a second brood of chicks in a completely different state or province.

• The Beak Function: While still long and slender compared to its head, its beak is slightly shorter and straighter than the Marsh Wren’s. This needle-sharp bill acts like miniature tweezers, perfectly designed to snap up fast-moving bugs hidden in dense tangled grasses without getting caught on the vegetation.
• Habitat: As their name suggests, these wrens avoid deep cattail marshes. Instead, they prefer damp, shallow wetlands, sedge meadows, wet prairies, and old, overgrown damp agricultural fields where the ground is moist but not deeply flooded.
• Diet: Their diet is strictly insectivorous. They hunt low to the ground, consuming massive numbers of spiders, ants, grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, and crickets. Because they inhabit dense grasslands, they never visit backyard seed or suet feeders.

(Note: Sedge Wrens are incredibly stealthy and behave more like mice than birds. Instead of flying when approached, they prefer to run silently through the thick grass stalks to escape danger, making them one of the hardest small brown birds on this list to actually spot.)

Canyon Wren (Catherpes mexicanus)

The Canyon Wren is a striking, medium-sized wren measuring 4.7 to 5.9 inches in length. It possesses a flat-headed silhouette and a remarkably long, slender beak that curves gently downward. It is easily recognized by its beautiful plumage, featuring a bright, clean white throat and breast that contrasts sharply with its deep chestnut-brown belly, which is delicately speckled with tiny black and white dots.

These birds are strictly non-migratory, maintaining year-round territories across the arid, rocky landscapes of western North America, stretching from southern British Columbia down through the western United States and deep into Mexico. They are cavity creators, tucked away inside rock shelters, deep crevices, or boulders, where they weave cup-shaped nests out of twigs, moss, and spiderwebs.

• The Beak Function: Their exceptionally long, needle-thin bill is perfectly adapted for rocky terrain. Acting like flexible surgical forceps, it allows the bird to reach deep into narrow rock fissures, granite cracks, and talus slopes to extract hidden prey that other birds cannot reach.
• Habitat: These birds are canyon specialists. They are found exclusively around steep cliffs, rocky canyons, stone outcrops, and boulder-strewn slopes in arid regions. They are highly agile climbers, using their specialized feet to scale vertical rock faces with ease.
• Diet: Canyon Wrens are strictly insectivorous. They spend their days hopping along stone walls, using their long beaks to pull out spiders, beetles, ants, leafhoppers, and caterpillars from deep stone crevices. They do not eat seeds or visit backyard feeders.

(Note: The Canyon Wren is famous for possessing one of the most beautiful, haunting songs in the avian world. Its signature call is a loud, cascading series of liquid, whistling notes that drop in pitch, echoing dramatically off the bare stone walls of western canyons.)

Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus)

The Rock Wren is a pale, sandy-brown songbird measuring 4.7 to 5.9 inches in length. It features a slightly broader, flatter head than most wrens, which holds a long, slender, and slightly downcurved beak. It is easily identified by its grayish-brown upperparts covered in tiny white speckles, a pale cinnamon-colored rump, a faintly streaked breast, and a distinctive fan-shaped tail tipped with buffy-orange corners.

These hardy birds are migratory in the northernmost parts of their range, breeding across the rocky landscapes of western Canada and the western United States before moving down to the southwestern U.S. and Mexico for the winter. They are ground-cavity nesters that build their homes inside rocky shelters, deep stone crevices, or abandoned rodent burrows.

• The Beak Function: Their long, thin beak acts as a highly effective probe. They use it to reach deep into loose gravel, talus cracks, and volcanic rock fissures, masterfully snapping up insects hiding beneath the scorching desert sun.
• Habitat: True to their name, Rock Wrens live exclusively in dry, open, rocky environments. They thrive on sun-baked desert cliffs, rocky canyons, scree slopes, badlands, and even exposed stone walls with minimal vegetation.
• Diet: Rock Wrens feed entirely on insects and spiders. They spend their time hopping frantically along boulders, using their long beaks to glean beetles, grasshoppers, ants, and caterpillars directly from the stone surfaces.

(Note: Rock Wrens are famous for being avian architects. Before laying a single egg, they construct a literal “paved walkway” leading to their nest entrance using hundreds of flat, tiny pebbles. Biologists believe these stone paths help stabilize the dirt cavity, deter predators, or act as an early-warning alarm system when intruders step on them.)

Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)

The Cactus Wren is a true heavyweight on this list, measuring an impressive 7.1 to 8.7 inches in length. It is the largest wren species in North America. It is easily recognized by its bold, heavily patterned plumage, featuring a dark brown cap, a stark white stripe over its eye, and a bright white chest densely covered in dark, heavy spots. It sports a thick, powerful, and long beak that curves slightly downward.

These hardy birds are strictly non-migratory, maintaining their territories year-round across the desert ecosystems of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They build massive, football-shaped nests out of desert grasses, twigs, and feathers, wedging them deep inside the protective, thorny branches of desert cacti and shrubs.

• The Beak Function: Their long, robust bill is built tough. It functions like a heavy-duty pair of needle-nose pliers, allowing them to flip over rocks, rip open tough desert seed pods, and safely reach past treacherous cactus spines to pull out hidden prey without injuring themselves.
• Habitat: These birds are desert specialists. They live exclusively in arid, low-elevation desert regions, arid brushlands, and coastal sage scrub, specifically areas packed with thorny vegetation like saguaro, cholla, and prickly pear cacti.
• Diet: While they are primarily insectivores that use their long beaks to devour grasshoppers, beetles, ants, wasps, and spiders, Cactus Wrens have a more flexible diet than smaller wrens. They frequently eat small lizards, frogs, desert seeds, and cactus fruits.

(Note: Cactus Wrens don’t just build nests for raising babies; they are year-round contractors. A single pair will build multiple “roosting nests” throughout the year simply to use as cozy, insulated bedrooms to protect themselves from freezing desert nights and scorching daytime heat.)

Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)

The Brown Creeper is a tiny, slender bird measuring 4.7 to 5.5 inches in length. It possesses a uniquely flat silhouette designed to press tight against tree trunks. It is easily identified by its highly camouflaged upperparts, which feature a beautiful streak of brown, buff, and white that perfectly mimics tree bark, contrasting with a clean white underbelly. It sports a remarkably long, thin, needle-like beak that curves sharply downward.

These secretive birds are year-round residents across parts of the northern and western United States, but populations in Canada and the northern forest zones migrate south to the eastern U.S. for the winter. They are specialized cavity nesters, but instead of using holes, they build their hammock-like nests out of twigs and moss tucked hidden behind loose, peeling flaps of dead tree bark.

Habitat: These birds are strictly dependent on trees. They thrive in mature, old-growth coniferous and mixed forests, wooded swamps, and shady parks with plenty of large, rough-barked trees.

The Beak Function: Their long, sharply decurved bill is a highly specialized extraction tool. It acts like a pair of micro-forceps, allowing the bird to probe deep beneath the tight overlapping ridges of tree bark to pull out microscopic insect eggs, pupae, and spiders that other bark-gleaning birds miss.

Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla)

The Brown-headed Nuthatch is a tiny, compact bird measuring just 3.9 to 4.3 inches in length. It features a short tail, a plump body, and a sharp, chisel-like beak that is straight and quite long relative to its small head. It is easily identified by its distinctive matte-brown cap, slate-gray back and wings, a whitish belly, and a small, distinct white spot on the back of its neck.

These energetic little birds are strictly non-migratory and are year-round residents of the southeastern United States, tracking closely with open pine ecosystems. They are dedicated primary cavity nesters, using their sharp bills to excavate their own nesting holes in soft, decaying pine snags, or moving into old woodpecker cavities and backyard nest boxes.

• The Beak Function: Unlike wrens and creepers whose long bills curve downward for probing, this nuthatch has a straight, sturdy, wedge-shaped beak. It acts like a tiny crowbar and hammer, allowing the bird to pry off flakes of pine bark, wedge seeds into crevices to crack them open, and drill directly into soft wood.
• Habitat: These birds are pine specialists. They live almost exclusively in mature, open pine forests—particularly longleaf, loblolly, and shortleaf pine stands—as well as pine-oak woodlands and nearby suburban parks with tall pine trees.
• Diet: Their diet consists mainly of insects and pine seeds. They spend their days scouring pine cones and bark for spiders, beetles, cockroaches, and caterpillars. During the winter, pine seeds become their primary food source, and they are frequent visitors to backyard suet and sunflower seed feeders.

(Note: The Brown-headed Nuthatch is one of the very few bird species in the world known to use tools. They will frequently hold a loose flake of pine bark inside their beak to pry up other pieces of bark, exposing hidden insects underneath—and they will even carry this bark tool from branch to branch while they forage.)

Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus)

The Sedge Warbler is a medium-sized old-world warbler measuring 4.5 to 5.1 inches in length. It features a striking, highly patterned plumage, including a heavily streaked brown-and-black back, a warm buff-colored rump, and clean, pale underparts. It is instantly recognized by its very bold, broad cream-white eyebrow stripe (supercilium) that sits beneath a dark crown. It sports a sharply pointed, relatively long and slender beak that is dark on top and flesh-colored underneath.

Unlike many of the non-migratory North American birds on this list, the Sedge Warbler is a long-distance champion migrator. It breeds across Europe and western Asia during the spring and summer before embarking on a massive autumn journey to winter in sub-Saharan Africa. They build deep, cup-shaped nests woven out of grasses, plant down, and spiderwebs, securely hidden low down in dense vegetation.

• The Beak Function: Their long, straight, needle-sharp bill acts like precision surgical tweezers. It is perfectly adapted for snapping up small, fast-moving insects off the surface of bending reeds, and its slender profile allows the bird to probe deep inside flower heads without getting its face covered in sticky plant debris.
• Habitat: This warbler is a wetland enthusiast. You will find it in dense reedbeds, lush sedge beds, marshes, ditches, and damp, overgrown fields close to water sources. They love thick, tangled undergrowth where they can easily slip away out of sight.
• Diet: Sedge Warblers are strictly insectivorous during the breeding season. They consume a vast quantity of aphids, midges, beetles, flies, and spiders. Before their massive migration across the Sahara Desert, they switch to a specialized diet of plum-reed aphids to pack on heavy fat reserves for energy.

(Note: Sedge Warblers are famous for being jazz musicians of the bird world. Male warblers never sing the same song twice; instead, they continuously improvise an energetic, chattering medley of mimics, whistles, and trills. To attract a mate, a male will perform a dramatic song-flight, launching himself out of the reeds into the air while singing loudly, then parachuting back down into the brush.)

Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus)

The Whimbrel is a large, elegant shorebird measuring 15 to 18 inches in length. While notably larger than the songbirds on this list, it earned its spot due to its beautifully mottled greyish-brown plumage, striped head, and a remarkably long, downward-curving beak that instantly catches the eye. It features bold dark stripes across its crown, a pale eyebrow line, and long, slate-grey legs.

Whimbrels are incredible long-distance migratory champions. They breed in the open arctic tundra across northern Canada and Alaska during the summer before embarking on a massive autumn journey to winter along the coastal mudflats of the southern United States, South America, and the Caribbean. They build shallow scrape nests directly on the open tundra ground, lining them with local mosses and lichens.

• The Beak Function: Their long, decurved bill is a highly specialized hunting tool. It functions like flexible, deep-reaching forceps, perfectly curved to match the natural shape of fiddler crab burrows. This allows them to reach deep into mud and sand to pull out hidden prey without collapsing the tunnel.
• Habitat: During the breeding season, they occupy open arctic tundra and hummocky damp heathlands. During migration and winter, they shift exclusively to coastal habitats, including muddy estuaries, saltmarshes, sandy beaches, mangrove swamps, and rocky shores.
• Diet: On their coastal wintering grounds, Whimbrels feed almost exclusively on crabs, particularly fiddler crabs, along with marine worms, shrimp, and molluscs. When nesting on the tundra, they pivot their diet to consume large quantities of tundra beetles, spiders, and crowberries.

(Note: Whimbrels possess an incredible internal GPS and immense stamina. Satellite tracking has shown that individual Whimbrels can fly non-stop over the Atlantic Ocean for over 4,000 kilometres—braving massive tropical storms and hurricanes—to travel from their Canadian breeding grounds to their South American wintering sites without stopping once to rest or feed.)

Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata)

The Wilson’s Snipe is a plump, medium-sized shorebird measuring 9.1 to 11.0 inches in length. It features a beautifully patterned, cryptic plumage with bold buff-and-black stripes running down its back and head, allowing it to blend seamlessly into marsh vegetation. Its most defining characteristic is an exceptionally long, straight, needle-like beak that looks almost disproportionate to its compact, short-legged body.

These birds are highly migratory, breeding across Canada and the northern United States before traveling to the southern U.S., Central America, and northern South America for the winter. They are incredibly secretive ground nesters, building shallow, well-concealed cup nests out of grasses directly on the damp soil or on top of mossy hummocks in marshy terrain.

• The Beak Function: Their long bill is a marvel of evolutionary engineering. The tip of the beak is highly flexible and packed with sensitive nerve endings. This allows the snipe to probe deep into thick mud and detect the vibrations of moving worms, grabbing and swallowing its prey underground without ever having to pull its beak out of the mud.
• Habitat: Wilson’s Snipes are freshwater wetland specialists. They thrive in muddy marsh edges, wet meadows, swamps, fens, bogs, and damp agricultural fields where the soil is soft, saturated, and easy to probe.
• Diet: Their diet consists primarily of earthworms, aquatic insect larvae, beetles, crane flies, and small crustaceans. They will occasionally consume a small amount of plant seeds found embedded in the mud.

(Note: The Wilson’s Snipe is famous for its haunting courtship display known as “winnowing.” During spring nights, the male flies high into the air and dives downward at high speeds. As the air rushes past his specialized, stiff outer tail feathers, it creates a loud, hollow, vibrating “who-who-who” whistling sound that echoes across the dark marshlands.)

Kiwi (Apteryx)

The Kiwi is a unique, chicken-sized flightless bird measuring 14 to 18 inches in length. It is easily the most unusual entry on this list. It features a pear-shaped body covered in loose, hair-like brown feathers that act as perfect camouflage on the forest floor. Because it cannot fly, it completely lacks a visible tail and has tiny, vestigial wings hidden beneath its plumage. Its most remarkable feature is an exceptionally long, slender, and ivory-coloured beak.

Kiwis are completely non-migratory and are endemic only to New Zealand. They are nocturnal burrowers, using their powerful, muscular legs and heavy claws to dig deep underground tunnels and nesting dens beneath tree roots and thick forest vegetation.

• The Beak Function: The kiwi’s bill is unique in the avian world because its nostrils are located at the very tip rather than the base. This long beak functions like a highly advanced subterranean radar system, allowing the bird to plunge its bill deep into leaf litter and topsoil to literally smell out hidden prey in complete darkness.
• Habitat: Kiwis are adaptable forest dwellers. They thrive in native evergreen forests, dense scrublands, temperate rainforests, and rough agricultural pastures with plenty of thick ground cover.
• Diet: Their diet is highly omnivorous. They use their long beaks to sniff out earthworms, beetles, cicadas, centipedes, and fallen berries from the forest floor.

(Note: The kiwi breaks almost every rule of bird biology. They have marrow-filled bones like mammals, a body temperature lower than most birds, and a highly developed sense of smell. Most impressively, female kiwis lay an absolutely massive egg that can weigh up to 20% of their total body weight—the largest egg relative to body size of any bird in the world.)

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